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Passage: Socrates, the greatest philosopher, was born of poor ......

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:

Socrates, the greatest philosopher, was born of poor working class parents probably in the year 470 B.C. He had the usual education of the boys in those days, learning music, science, philosophy and gymnastics. He also studied the arts of public speaking and argument. As a young man he served the army and fought in several battles with great courage. When he left the army. some of his friends wanted him to go to politics. But he refused to do. for he had another mission in life. This mission was to unmask ignorance and encourage truth. Up and down the streets of  Athens, in the market places, in hte house of the rich and in the workshops of the poor. Socrates carried on his search for his truth. His method was to stop someone and begin to question him. By his questions, he would show the other man ''how vague and incomplete his ideas were'' Then he would help him build up his ideas on a surer foundation.

অনুবাদ : মহান দার্শনিক সক্রেটিস সম্ভবত খ্রীষ্ঠপূর্ব ৪৭০ জন্মগ্রহন করেছিলেন। সেই সময়ের ছেলেদের প্রচলিত শিক্ষা যেমন সংগীত, বিজ্ঞান, দর্শণ ও শরীরবিদ্যায় তিনি শিক্ষা লাভ করেছিলেন। তিনি বক্ততা ও যুক্তি তর্কের উপরও শিক্ষা লাভ করেছিলেন্। যুবক অবস্থায় তিনি সেনা বাহিনীতে যোগ দিয়ে সাহসের সাথে বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ করেছিলেন। যখন তিনি সেনা বাহিনী ত্যাগ করেন তখন কিছু বন্ধু তাকে রাজনীতিতে যোগদান করতে বলেছিলেন। কিন্তু তিনি তা প্রত্যাখান করেন, কারন তার অন্য উদ্দেশ্য ছিল। তার উদ্দেশ্য ছিল অজ্ঞতার উম্মোচন ও সত্যের উৎসাহ প্রদান। এথেন্সের রাস্তায় রাস্তায়, বাজার-ঘাটে, ধণীদের গৃহে ও গরীবদের কর্মস্থলে সক্রেটিস তার সত্যের অনুসন্ধান চালাতে লাগলেন। তার পদ্ধতি ছিল মানুষকে থামিয়ে তাকে প্রশ্ন করা।  তার প্রশ্নের মাধ্যমে তিনি মানুষকে দেখাতেন ’তাদের ধারনা কত অস্পষ্ঠ ও অসম্পূণর্’। তারপর, তিনি শক্ত ভিতের উপর তাদের ধারনা গড়ে তুলতে সাহায্য করতেন।

a.   Write  answers to the following questons:

      (i) Who was Socrates?

      (ii) What was his mission in life?

      (iii) What did Socrates learn other than philosophy?

Answer: 

    i.    Socrates was the greatest philosopher of ancient Greece.

    ii.   Socrates’ mission in life was to unmask ignorance and encourage truth.

    ii.  Other than philosophy, Socrates learnt music, science and gymnastics along with his arts of public speaking and argument.

b.   What is the main idea and what are the supporting ideas of the passage?  



Main Idea Supporting Ideas:
Socrates searched for truth all through his life.
  • i. Socrates had usual education of the boys in those days.
  • ii. His mission was to unmask ignorance and encourage truth.
  • iii. He stopped someone and began to question him.
  • iv. He would show the other man how vague and incomplete his ideas were.

c.   Write down the meaning of the following words in English and make your own sentences with the given words (any five):

      argument, courage, education, foundation, ignorance, varue.


Given Words Meanings Sentences
argument logicHer argument is satisfactory.
courage braveryHe is a man of courage.
education learningEducation is the back bone of a nation.
foundation baseThe foundation of this building is very strong.
ignorance illiteracy Ignorance is a bliss.
vague not clear In this case her idea is quite vague.

d.   write  summary of the passage.


Summary: Socrates had usual education of the boys in those days. Young Socrates served the army. His mission was to unmask ignorance and encourage truth. His method was to stop someone and begin to question him. He showed others how vague their ideas were.


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